---------------------------------------------------------
This simple question has dozens of answers. When a mother chicken hatches out her brood, she will usually take her chicks out for their first adventure in the new world by day 2. Clearly, chicks can handle being outside right from the beginning. But that mother hen is a portable source of heat & security and leads her babies to food & water as needed. As a human raising chicks, we need to rely on heat lamps, secure coops & brooders, and feed & water located where the babies can easily find them on their own.
Generally speaking, your chicks should be mostly feathered, and outgrowing their brooder box around 4-6 weeks (and you are probably ready for them to get out of your house!). But the exact time you can move your chicks outside is going to depend on your set up & your local weather more than an arbitrary age.
Temperature
If you started your chick’s brooder temperature around 95 degrees and have been decreasing it by 5 degrees per week, by the 5th week you should be around 70 degrees. If you are brooding your chicks in your house, you might be able to take the heat lamp away around now as you are probably close to the ambient air temperature. To take those chicks and suddenly put them outdoors in 30 degree weather would send them into shock and could have dire consequences.
The first couple of weeks chicks are only covered by fluffy down. Until chicks have feathers, they can’t properly keep body heat in so having an external heat source is necessary. By 4-6 weeks they should be feathered enough where they can handle chillier temperatures – but these baby feathers have their limits. In southeast Massachusetts I usually have to wait until mid/late May before evening temperatures are warm enough for chicks to live outdoors full time without heat. My general guidelines are over 4 weeks AND nighttime temps in the mid 50s.
If you live in warm climate, or are brooding chicks during the summer, you might be able to move them straight outdoors after a month as long as the nighttime lows cooperate.
What do you do if you don’t live in a warm climate but you need to get the chicks out of your kitchen because they need more space (or because of the smell)? You could look to your basement, garage, or 3 season porch, as a good “bridge” between indoor living and outdoor living. You can also start bringing them to their outdoor coop during the day, but still bring them inside to warmer temperatures at night.
If you are thinking of moving your girls outside along with their heat lamp, I would suggest you think again. Heat lamps can cause fires so putting your chicks out in their new coop with a heat lamp where you can’t monitor it could be a dangerous idea. Ideally by the time you move your chicks outdoors, they won’t need additional heating.
If you have a radiant chick heater (like Brinsea’s EcoGlow) they are much safer than traditional heat lamps. Keep in mind most radiant heaters are not designed to work when the air temperature is below 50 degrees, but I have found if temps are in the 40s and your chicks are at least a month old and feathered it can be enough to keep them comfortable. You will know if your chicks are too cold, you will see them all huddled together and chirping loudly at you.
Security
Another big factor in bringing your chicks outside is security. They will love having more room to run and stretch their wings but they are utterly defenseless so you can’t just toss them out into the world.
Ensure the place you are putting them is totally secure. If it is an outdoor run it should be totally covered on all sides (including the top). If you are moving them to a coop but not giving them outside access yet, make sure there are no small crevices where they could get stuck or could sneak outside.
I would not suggest giving them a huge area to roam. 2 square feet per bird for 5 week chicks is plenty. The bigger the area, the harder to secure it. You also want to make sure they can easily find their way to food & water.
Other Birds
If you have other chickens the chicks will be joining, special considerations will have to be made. The chicks will still be outgrowing their original brooder and still be ready to move outside around 4-6 weeks, but they will definitely not be ready to meet their grown up chicken friends.
Ideally, you should hold off until 10-12 weeks before you let your young chicks mix with your adult hens. When you mix them together, there will be bullying. They need to establish the pecking order and your older girls will not hesitate to let the babies know their place is at the bottom.
Some hens might just take a swipe with their beak, others will mercilessly chase the new birds down and peck at them. Unfortunately you won’t know how your girls will react until you add the new birds. Sometimes even the sweetest hen suddenly is the biggest bully. An adult hen could easily kill a young chick. By 10-12 weeks your chicks will by fully feathered and getting close to their full grown size. They will be better able to handle the older hens.
I like to start the initial introductions much earlier than 10-12 weeks. Usually around 6 weeks of age I will set up an area in my chicken coop for the chicks to live for about a month. During that month, the old flock and the chicks will be separated by a wire partition. This way the older girls can see the babies. They get used to seeing & smelling them in their space. But the babies are safe behind the wire where they can’t be hurt.
A month later (when they are 10 weeks), the chicks are released during the day only. Then 2 weeks later (when they are 12 weeks) the wire partition comes down all together and the flocks are fully integrated. Click here to read more about introducing chicks to your flock
Excellent information with really good observations, common sense, and great ideas. I would love to hear your take on roosters, pro or con, along with reasoning. I really like roosters and think they can be very cool. Noble protectors of the flock that will give their life and fight any predator, against impossible odds, just to buy time and save as many hens as possible. Also having fertilized eggs means any surplus can be hatched in an incubator and turned into more chickens for replenishing ranks or meat. But I am sure there more pros and cons that folks might want your astute perspective on (granted that is probably a completely different post). Thank you for sharing and caring Liz. You Rock!
Thanks Paul! I think every flock could use a rooster (if your neighbors don’t mind & your town allows them). Right now we just have one, a Salmon Faverolle, he is gorgeous, gentle towards the humans, and protects all his girls. We had about a year or so where we didn’t have a rooster and in that time we lost 6 hens to hawks. Since we added back the rooster to the flock not a single one lost. When he sees danger he calls to all his girls and leads them to safety – even the ducks listen to him and take the cue to hide (we have three male ducks but they don’t come anywhere near the level of protector as a rooster). The rooster before our current guy was an Easter Egger and he was a jerk. We ended up having to get rid of him because he wouldn’t stop chasing my kids. And yes, that is a whole different post lol – you can find it here https://thecapecoop.com/the-rooster-question/
Hello! New chicken mama here. We weren’t going to get chickens right now but my boyfriend had other plans. Right now they are about 2 weeks old and in our basement. They went outside this past weekend and it was about 80 degrees and were completely fine. Even though they still have their heat lamp in the basement. I’m nervous about the transition to the outside. Our Ohio winters are harsh and unpredictable. Should I take the heat lamp away, put them in the garage in a few weeks and turn the heat lamp back on? I’m would really regret getting them in the fall if anything happened. Thanks!
You do want to give them some time to acclimate to the outdoor weather. Typically when you live in colder climates you start chicks in the spring so they will be full grown before winter sets in. So you are on a bit of an accelerated time line to get your girls ready for winter. As long as it’s still warm at night (mid 50s) and you have somewhere secure for them I would move them out during the daytime after they hit 3 weeks, and full time when they hit 4 weeks. In the meantime, you might want to start backing off the heat lamp now. Chicks are usually fully feathered by 6 weeks and that will help them keep warm. When they only have the baby fluff they can’t regulate their body temperature. When your chicks are fully feathered you are looking at late October and it’s going to be starting to get very chilly especially at night. Your girls will be full grown around early January when the temperatures really start to drop. Chicken scratch can help them keep warm at night as it takes them awhile to digest it. As their body works to digest it, it generates body heat. I would hold off on the scratch until they are a bit older (maybe after 10 weeks), but it’s a good bed time snack for them
I can’t seem to find much information on moving chicks outside in colder climates. We are starting our backyard flock with four easter eggers. Two are six weeks and the other two are eight weeks (based on what we were told by the person we purchased them from). Unfortunately, it’s been a chilly fall in Wisconsin with nighttime temps dipping down under 30 degrees already. The indoor pen we have them in is getting tight on space. Thoughts on when we can move them to their outside coop, considering the cold temps? Thanks!
I generally don’t recommend starting chicks when the temps are at or near freezing. It can interfere with their growth and health when they are spending lots of their energy trying to keep warm. Your girls should be fully feathered so that is a bonus, but they are lacking the body weight of a full grown hen to help insulate them from the cold. Maybe you can put them outside during the day but still bring them inside at night when temps are coldest? I think the earliest I would subject them to near freezing temps is 12 weeks. Make sure they are getting plenty to eat and offering them a few handfuls of scratch grains at night will help them gain weight faster. The coop needs ventilation but be sure you have limited drafts, especially near the roosts where they are at night.
I am struggling with this right now. I live in Texas, but a cold front has come through and it is COLD. My chicks are 6weeks and 2 days. Fully feathered. It was 40 degrees last night, and I barely slept, worrying about those babies. They have been out now for a week and a half. The temperatures have been getting a little cooler each night. I have a radiant heater in the coop, leaned back on the floor, so during the day they can stand in front of it if they are cold. They do occasionally. My concern is at night. They are roosting up in the coop and in different places. I keep that radiant heater on leaning back to let the heat rise. It seems to stay about 50 in the coop, even though the outside temp was 40 this am. Was thinking of getting heat lamps and attaching to the ceiling above them at night. I am fearful of fire, and would insure they could never fall… but is it even necessary? They are having a good time, eating, playing and snuggled up sleeping at night. I even had one that slept at the highest roost point last night all alone. They seem to be doing fine. I just worry about them…. Advice?
I definitely do not like heat lamps, the risk of fire just makes them too dangerous unattended with erratic flying animals. You could lose your flock, your coop, maybe even your house if it’s close enough. If they were really cold they would be peeping very loudly, and they would be all huddled together. Sounds like the radiant heater is giving them just enough warmth to take the edge off. Hopefully the cold front will pass quickly, but it sounds like they are doing ok
HI,
So I have a broody hen. She was sitting on 9 eggs. 3 hatched and when I candled the others they 4 were dead and 2 were a week or two away from hatching. I had to move her to a new coop. She kept caring for the chicks but stopped sitting on the eggs that were still good. She is in a coop that is pretty high and I don’t believe he chicks will be able to get out and back in. Do I risk moving her again and having her reject or abandon the chicks?
It is very unusual for there to be weeks long gaps in a clutch of eggs. My guess is that other hens in your flock have been adding to her clutch during incubation. Generally a hen will gather a clutch of about 10-12 eggs over the course of 1.5 – 2 weeks. During this time she isn’t sitting on the eggs so incubation hasn’t begun. Once she is happy with the clutch size she will start sitting on them nearly 24 hours a day to begin incubation. This way all the chicks develop and will hatch within a day or so of each other even though they were laid on different days. If you had other hens adding to the clutch as she went along you could get chicks at various stages of incubation. Taking care of chicks is a full time job for a mother hen. Once she has some chicks that have hatched she needs to keep an eye on them and can’t be sitting around hatching eggs. In the first 24-48 hours the new family will stay in the nest, but after that the mother will give up on any unhatched eggs to take her new chicks out to forage and explore the world. I know you mentioned that she had two eggs that were still viable, but if she has stopped incubating them and has left them for more than a few hours they have likely died at this point.
From here out she should be pretty devoted to her chicks and moving her shouldn’t stop that from happening. You will want the new family somewhere either on the ground or not too high up. If you are worried about her abandoning the chicks, you could move the family to their new home, but keep them penned up in the area with chicken wire. This will give them the chance to bond and settle into their new place. For the most part though, you will find the new family is going to be spending their day exploring, foraging, and scratching about, not sitting in the nest. She will lead them all back to the nest at dusk however so they should be able to get in and out easily.
I am a new chicken owner – getting first round of 12 chics in a couple of days. We will be keeping them in the kitchen for the first couple of weeks in a 30x18x18″ box. I’m at a loss for what to do once they outgrow this space but aren’t quite ready to be in their coop. What do you do for an interim? Perhaps another box with another heart lamp? I just don’t know how big is big enough until they are moved to their coop. Thanks!
Yes, that initial brooder will definitely not last 12 chicks until they are ready to move outside. After they are about 3-4 weeks it’s best if you can give them about 2 square feet per bird. So you are looking at needing a space that is 24 square feet, or about 6 feet by 4 feet. It really depends on the set up and space that you have. I have an empty horse stall in my barn that I can section off and use for this in between period but I know most people don’t have that. Many people use a portable dog play pen (like this: https://www.amazon.com/Zampa-Portable-Foldable-Exercise-Resistant/dp/B082B9PC33/ref=sr_1_3_sspa?dchild=1&keywords=dog+playpen&qid=1617239133&sr=8-3-spons&psc=1&smid=A1UYO7K0FISWQ&spLa=ZW5jcnlwdGVkUXVhbGlmaWVyPUExR0Q1MVQ0R0daVjhMJmVuY3J5cHRlZElkPUEwMzcyNzIzMkJQUlNERU8wNDM0TSZlbmNyeXB0ZWRBZElkPUEwNjY0MTgwOTVSUURGRTQ5RVUxJndpZGdldE5hbWU9c3BfYXRmJmFjdGlvbj1jbGlja1JlZGlyZWN0JmRvTm90TG9nQ2xpY2s9dHJ1ZQ==)
I made a very large brooder, complete with hardware cloth windows, just from leftover cardboard and Elmer glue, using gallon jugs to weigh down seams as they dried. Upside down stick on Command hooks and plain plastic garden netting for the top. Takes a few days to glue it all together, but it works great..even cut a door to play with them, secured by two command hooks and a rubber band!
Great solution!!
Hello! I have been using a radiant heat plate with 9 mixed bantam chicks who are going on 5 weeks old now, the weather where i am is mid 40s at night, and 60s during the day. my dearest husband would really like his garage back. My question is when is it safe to put them in their coop, and i mostly mean i will turn the enclosed coop area into their brooder. i will pile high with shavings and ill put their heat plate in there as well. i would *like* put them in there at around 5 weeks, keep them enclosed primarily in the inside part of my coop, until they are 6-7 weeks. they are currently in an un insulated garage that tends to run about 57-59 at night, i have a radiator style space heater near them but mostly to keep one side near their heat plate warm as it doesnt warm the entire garage much. when i ask in groups on facebook, i just get oh they need 75 degrees at this age bla bla, but nothing logical because they will still have their heat source. do you think i should wait another week or two, (such as 6 weeks? ) thank you!
I would highly caution you not to use a space heater in the coop, especially if it is piled high with shavings. Heat lamps and space heaters cause hundreds of coop fires every year. The radiant panel chick heaters are safer but are designed to be used indoors. They don’t work very well when the ambient air temperature is below 50 degrees. All of that said, you could turn your coop into a “large brooder” with your radiant chick heater. I would not pile the shavings near the radiant chick heater just to be safe however. I have found if the air temperature is in the mid 40s and the chicks are over 5 weeks they are usually fine with a radiant heater. My advice would be to ideally wait until 6 weeks of age if possible, and then give it a shot. Put them out there and see how they do, checking on them several times at night. If they are yelling and huddling together under the heater they are cold and you might need to bring them back inside. If they seem fine to be out from under the heater to go eat and drink they should be ok.
I see so many (older) beginner care or chick sites that the comments are closed recommending lamps. I think they should be phased out simply for safety and welfare reasons. I learned that chicks are very sensitive to light, I unthinkingly shut off a light abruptly late when I usually do it earlier, and they really freaked out! I leave a little Japanese paper lantern type dim light on at night for them, it was on, but they don’t like the abrupt shift. I think a bright light 24 hrs on is not good, and they just cause completely unnecessary fires. My girls (please, please all be girls..!) are three weeks received tomorrow. I lost one, and I’ll never know why..two weeks in, she had been perfect, she was eating lying down. Over the next four days, she just deteriorated, (all vaxxed for Marek’s and coccidiosis) and when she wouldn’t eat s rambled eggs, and couldn’t keep her legs under her, I decided to use a carbon dioxide tank from brewing to put her down. I bawled, but it was nagging at me to stop her suffering, protect the others just in case, and to stop her getting trampled in her final moments..still..I worry I was premature. I had put her back on probiotic, vitamin electrolyte vinegar water, after five days I went to plain filtered water with apple cider vinegar as per Gail Damerow’s recommendations for chicks, but, she was so, so pathetic with these weak, tiny peeps, it broke my heart to put her down. I guess if I had waited, she might have just suffered longer, my gut was telling me she wasn’t going to make it. I just don’t know why..could it have been Marek’s, it was exactly two weeks, or, did she get a crush injury, was that why her legs were weak, or, or, or, or…….
Awww it is always hard when you lose one. I have learned over the years there are just some chicks that simply fail to thrive and there isn’t much that can be done about it. It sounds like you did everything you could for her. I agree I think heat lamps should be phased out. The constant light does make them grouchy because it interrupts their natural sleep cycles. When I used heat lamps I would use a red filtered bulb which is a little nicer on their eyes because it’s not the glaring white light, but they still carry the fire risk. With the availability of the radiant chick heaters that is definitely the way to go for safety and chick happiness!
Thank you Liz for all that you share! I have kept six chicks alive for over seven weeks now! I’m sure it is due in large part to all your advice here, thank you! My girls are in their new big girl coop for the first time tonight. I got the Producer’s Pride Sentinel Coop. I am reading your blog in between going out to check on them. I’m going to bring them some hot water bottles. I have been thinking about the heat lamp. But my gut says “no don’t do it!” Thank you for this discussion!
Awwww congratulations! It’s always nerve wracking those first few nights they spend outside. I am with you, you should avoid the heat lamp as tempting as it is. Hot water bottles are a good idea!